There Were No Israelites in the Americas Go Again

Israeli Jews across the religious spectrum strongly support the idea of State of israel every bit a Jewish country and a homeland for Jewish people effectually the world. Overall, majorities of Jews say State of israel was given to the Jewish people by God and that a Jewish country is necessary for the long-term survival of the Jewish people. Nearly unanimously, Jews support their diaspora population'due south right to move to Israel and receive citizenship, and virtually agree that Jews deserve preferential treatment in Israel.

Simply Israeli Jews are divided when it comes to the status of the country'due south Arab minority; roughly half say Arabs should be expelled or transferred from Israel, while the other one-half disagree.

In addition, many Jews in Israel call back the Jewish state faces other important, long-term challenges. When asked to explicate in their ain words the nature of Israel's most important trouble, about equal proportions of Israeli Jews name security-related issues and economic problems. (American Jews take a very different view of Israel'due south long-term challenges; most American Jews name security-related issues equally Israel's biggest problem, while very few point to economic issues.)

While Israeli Jews value Israel as a Jewish country, they likewise run across the Jewish diaspora as of import. Nearly seven-in-ten say a thriving Jewish diaspora is necessary for the long-term survival of the Jewish people. And fifty-fifty though American Jews take a different view of Israel'due south long-term challenges and diverge from Israeli Jews in their religious observance and political views, Israeli Jews value their connections with American Jews. For example, Israeli Jews generally agree that Jews in Israel and those in the U.S. share a common destiny to at least some extent. And roughly vi-in-ten say Jews in the U.Due south. have a good influence over how things are going in Israel.

Bulk of Israeli Jews say Israel given to the Jewish people by God

Roughly half dozen-in-ten Israeli Jews (61%) say God gave Israel to the Jewish people, while 12% say this is not literally true. The remainder – those who say they do not believe in God or do not know if they believe in God – were non asked this question (27%).

In part considering they are more than likely to believe in God, more observant Israeli Jews are more likely than their less-observant peers to say God gave the state of State of israel to the Jewish people. Nearly all Haredim and Datiim say God gave Israel to the Jewish people. Among Masortim as well, the vast majority (85%) say God gave the state of Israel to the Jewish people. Far fewer secular Hilonim (31%) concord this view; half of Hilonim do not believe in God.

Fewer than half of Jews of Ashkenazi ancestry (46%) believe God gave Israel to the Jews, compared with almost eight-in-x Sephardim/Mizrahim (78%). And those who speak Russian at home (xxx%) are far less likely to believe this than are Hebrew-speaking Jews (65%), in part because many Russian-speaking Israeli Jews do non believe in God (54%). All Yiddish-speaking Jews in the survey believe God gave State of israel to the Jewish people.

Not surprisingly, Christians and Druze in State of israel are less likely than Jews to believe God gave Israel to the Jewish people. But even among these groups, near i-in-five say God gave State of israel to the Jews (19% and 17%, respectively).

Due to political sensitivities, Muslims in State of israel were not asked this question.

Haredim less likely than other Jews to describe themselves as 'Zionist'

Most Jews in Israel say "Zionist" – a term referring to someone who supports the institution and protection of a state for the Jewish people in Israel – describes them "very" (xxx%) or "somewhat" (44%) accurately.

But this is not uniformly true beyond Jewish identity categories. Only a third of Haredim (33%) say the term Zionist describes them accurately – perhaps reflecting the ambivalence some Haredim accept long felt about the formation of a Jewish state before the arrival of the Messiah. Datiim are more than probable than any other grouping to say the term Zionist describes them "very accurately" (43%), and an additional 42% say it describes them "somewhat accurately."

Both Yiddish- and Russian-speaking Jews in Israel, although at dissimilar ends of the spectrum of religious observance, are less likely than Hebrew-speaking Jews to say the term Zionist captures their identity.

Jews who describe their political ideology as "left" or "correct" are about equally likely to say the term Zionist describes them at least somewhat accurately. Overall, 34% of left-leaning Israeli Jews say the term Zionist describes them very accurately, compared with 37% of those on the political correct.

Jews support Israel every bit a Jewish homeland

All Jews around the earth currently have the right to motility to State of israel and gain citizenship, enshrined in State of israel's Law of Return, which was enacted in 1950 (two years after State of israel became a state). (For more details on aliyah, see the sidebar beneath.)

About all Israeli Jews (98%) agree that it is the birthright of all Jews around the world to make aliyah to Israel. This view is all but unanimous across a variety of religious and demographic groups. In fact, 87% of Israeli Jews strongly concur that all Jews have the right to brand aliyah.

Most Israeli Jews (79%) likewise say Jews deserve preferential handling in Israel. This view is peculiarly common among Haredim (97%) and Datiim (96%); roughly seven-in-x in each group strongly hold with this position.

Hilonim are somewhat less likely to say Jews deserve preferential treatment in Israel; still, well-nigh seven-in-10 (69%) agree with this view, compared with 29% who disagree.

Jews on the political left stand out for the relatively small-scale share who say Jews deserve preferential treatment in Israel (38%).

(The survey question asked nigh preferential handling in general and did not specify what kind of preference Jews should receive.)

Aliyah, meaning ascent in Hebrew, is a term commonly used to describe Jewish immigration to Israel. From the late 1800s until 1939, at that place were five major waves of immigration to the land that would afterwards become the State of Israel. These waves had distinct ethnic, socioeconomic and historical characteristics, from the largely Russian and Romanian wave that formed the first aliyah (1882-1903) to the 5th aliyah – as well known as the German Aliyah – which took identify in the menses leading upwards to World State of war II (1929-1939).²³ ). Immigrants to Israel prior to the institution of the State of Israel were collectively known as the yishuv, or settlement. Although the naming of aliyah cohorts largely ended in 1939, the use of the discussion aliyah to describe Jewish immigration to the country of Israel continued.

There have been several points in Israel's mod history when waves of immigrants arrived from particular countries or regions. For example, between 1949 and 1950, in what came to be known every bit kanfey nesharim, or Operation On Eagles' Wings, the Country of Israel airlifted about 50,000 Yemeni Jews to Israel. Similarly, the State of State of israel conducted ii airlifts in Ethiopia – Performance Moses in the mid-1980s and Operation Solomon in 1991. (The survey did not include enough interviews with either Yemeni Jews or Ethiopian Jews to analyze those groups separately.)

A large wave of immigration from the sometime Soviet Union began in 1989. In the early 1990s, nearly 800,000 immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union (FSU).²⁴ ). In this survey, nearly 3-quarters of Jewish respondents from the former Soviet Union fabricated aliyah between 1990 and 1999. An boosted 15% of FSU Jews say they fabricated aliyah from 2000 to 2014, while a similar share (12%) say they made aliyah prior to 1990. Virtually immigrants from the sometime Soviet Marriage (73%) say they go on to primarily speak Russian at dwelling. For more information almost clearing from the former Soviet Union, see this sidebar in chapter five.

Jewish public opinion divided on the status of Arabs in Israel

Israeli Jews are divided on the question of whether Arabs should be allowed to live in the Jewish land. About one-half (48%) say Arabs should be removed from Israel, while a similar share (46%) disagree with the statement "Arabs should be expelled or transferred from Israel."

Datiim are specially probable to favor the expulsion of Arabs. Fully 71% say Arabs should exist transferred, while about a quarter (26%) disagree.

Hilonim lean in the other direction: Most (58%) disagree that Arabs should be expelled, including 25% who strongly disagree (encounter expanded table below). But even amongst secular Jews in State of israel, more than one-third (36%) favor Arabs' expulsion from the country.

Ethnicity plays a role in views on this issue likewise. Sephardim/Mizrahim are more than likely than Ashkenazim to favor the expulsion of Arabs from Israel (56% vs. 40%).

While religious identity influences Israeli Jews' views on the expulsion of Arabs, the survey finds that even after taking this and other demographic factors into account, Jews' views on the expulsion of Arabs are most strongly correlated with their political credo.

There is no pending proposal in the Israeli Cabinet or legislation in the Knesset to expel Arabs either from State of israel or from the Due west Bank. Withal, some Israeli political figures have raised the possibility of an expulsion or voluntary "transfer" of the Arab population, and at least two other contempo surveys have included questions almost variations on this idea.

The University of Haifa'south Index of Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel has asked, "Do y'all concord, tend to agree, tend to disagree, or disagree with the post-obit statement: Arab citizens should leave the country and receive proper compensation." (Emphasis added.) This question has been asked 11 times since 2003, with only modest fluctuations in stance. The most recent survey, conducted in 2015, finds that 32% of Israeli Jews concord or tend to agree with the statement, while 64% disagree or tend to disagree.

In addition, an October 2015 poll conducted by the Maariv newspaper asked Israeli Jews whether they "back up the idea of a voluntary transfer of Palestinians from Judea and Samaria," also known as the Israeli-occupied West Bank. (Emphasis added.) It finds that a majority (58%) of Jews favor this thought, while 26% oppose it.

Substantial differences in question wording may explain the variation in responses to these questions. Pew Research Center's question asks well-nigh the transfer of "Arabs" and does non specify whether these are Arab citizens or non. By contrast, the Index of Arab-Jewish Relations question specifically refers to Arab "citizens."

Additionally, Pew Research Middle's question asks if Arabs "should exist expelled or transferred from Israel." The Index of Arab-Jewish Relations does not include the words "transfer" or "expel" but rather asks if Arab citizens "should go out the country and receive proper compensation." The Maariv poll specifies that the transfer of Arabs from "Judea and Samaria" (i.e., the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and not Israel proper) would be "voluntary."

The further to the left Israeli Jews place themselves on the political spectrum, the more likely they are to oppose the expulsion of Arabs from Israel. An overwhelming majority of Israeli Jews on the left either disagree (25%) or strongly disagree (61%) that Arabs should be expelled from Israel. Past dissimilarity, roughly seven-in-10 of those on the right agree (35%) or strongly hold (36%) that Arabs should be transferred.

Settlers about every bit likely as Jews living elsewhere to say Arabs should be transferred or expelled

Jewish residents of the West Bank are more likely than Jews living elsewhere to say God gave the country of Israel to the Jewish people (85% vs. lx%).

In office, this departure is a reflection of the fact that a majority of Jews living in the Westward Banking company (63%) are Orthodox (Haredi or Dati), compared with 20% of Jews living elsewhere.

Only overall, settlers share largely similar views to Jews living elsewhere on the rights of Jews and Arabs in the Jewish state. For case, virtually-universal proportions of Haredim, Datiim, Masortim and Hilonim living in the W Bank say Jews effectually the earth have the correct to make aliyah to Israel, compared with similar proportions among these subgroups living elsewhere in Israel.

Roughly half of settlers (54%) think Arabs should be transferred or expelled from Israel, as practice 47% of Jews who live elsewhere. On this issue, Hilonim living in the West Bank (22%) are somewhat less probable than Hilonim living elsewhere (36%) to say Jews should be expelled or transferred from Israel. Among other Jewish subgroups, there are no statistically significant differences in opinion on this issue betwixt Jews living in the Westward Bank and Jews residing elsewhere.

Jews divided on whether Israeli Jews should be obligated to remain in Israel

While Israeli Jews all merely unanimously support the idea that all Jews around the world should take the selection to move to Israel, they are divided on the question of whether Jews already in Israel should feel an obligation to stay there. More than four-in-ten (46%) say Jews in Israel should remain in Israel, "even if it ways giving up the good life elsewhere." But a similar share (47%) take the contrary stance, maxim Jews in Israel should "feel free to pursue the expert life anywhere in the earth," even exterior of Israel.

In general, members of the more religiously observant Jewish identity categories are more likely to run across Israeli Jews equally having an obligation to live in – and stay in – State of israel. Three-quarters of Datiim say this, equally exercise two-thirds of Haredim and 55% of Masortim. Hilonim lean in the other direction: Roughly six-in-ten (63%) say Jews in Israel should feel costless to pursue the good life anywhere.

Younger adults are somewhat more likely than older Israeli Jews to say Jews in Israel should feel gratuitous to move away. Half of adults under historic period 50 say this (fifty%), compared with 42% of those ages 50 and older. And highly educated Jews are more likely than those with less education to say Israeli Jews should experience costless to leave Israel to pursue economic opportunities elsewhere.

The Jewish land and the diaspora

Jews were asked, in two separate questions, whether a Jewish country and a thriving Jewish diaspora are each necessary for the long-term survival of the Jewish people. Although more say a Jewish land is necessary (91%), a solid majority (69%) also say a potent Jewish diaspora is vital to the long-term survival of Jews.

Haredim are less probable than other Jews to say a Jewish state is necessary for the long-term survival of the Jewish people, perhaps in role because of some Haredi Jews' opposition to the formal cosmos of a Jewish state before the arrival of the Messiah. Even so, about ii-thirds of Haredim (65%) say a Jewish country is necessary.

Yiddish-speaking Jews, however, stand out on this question. Only 29% of the Yiddish-speaking Israeli Jews surveyed – all of whom are Haredi – say a Jewish state is necessary for the long-term survival of Jews. Far more (64%) say a thriving Jewish diaspora is necessary.

Overall, Haredim are closer to other Jewish subgroups on the question of whether a thriving diaspora is necessary for the long-term survival of the Jewish people. Majorities across the religious spectrum say it is necessary.

Israeli Jews most concerned almost Israel's economy, security

All Israeli respondents in the survey were asked to name, in their own words, what they see as the unmarried nearly of import long-term problem facing Israel. The ii near commonly cited types of issues are those related to security threats, violence or terrorism (38%) and economic bug (39%). An additional 14% depict other social, religious or political bug, such as racism, discrimination or religious divisions.

Haredim are more than likely than other groups to say Israel's biggest long-term problem is socio-political in nature, and less likely to proper noun security threats and terrorism as the country's biggest issue. Merely roughly three-in-ten or more respondents in all 4 major Jewish identity groups point to economic issues every bit their country'due south most challenging long-term problem.

Among Israeli Jews, there are simply minor differences past age, educational activity level and gender on this question, although Jews with less than a high school education are more concerned nearly economic problems (47%) than security threats (31%).

Israeli Jews who place themselves on the political right are considerably more likely than those on the left to place security threats, violence and terrorism as the country'south biggest long-term problem (44% vs. 25%). Virtually half of left-leaning Israeli Jews (47%) say economic problems are the primary issue.

Relatively few Israeli Jews overall (three%) run into international back up and relations with other countries as Israel'southward biggest long-term problem. But roughly one-in-ten on the political left (11%) say this is the foremost trouble.

Arabs are more likely to proper name economic issues (42%) than security problems (thirty%) every bit the biggest long-term trouble facing Israel. One-in-five Israeli Arabs (xx%) indicate toward social, religious or political problems every bit the biggest challenge facing the land.

Pluralities of Muslims, Christians and Druze – roughly 4-in-10 amid each religious group – name economical problems as the biggest effect facing State of israel.

Mutual ground, common destiny with American Jews

State of israel and the United States are home to by far the globe'south two largest Jewish populations. Nearly 2-thirds of Israeli Jews say they have either "a lot" (26%) or "some things" (42%) in common with Jews in the United states of america. Overall, 31% of Israeli Jews say they have "non besides much" (23%) or "nothing" (vii%) in common with American Jews.

Despite the fact that past a variety of standard measures of religious observance, American Jews are less religious than Israeli Jews, Haredim in Israel are somewhat more likely than other Jewish subgroups to see common ground between themselves and Jews in the U.Due south. (It is possible Israeli Haredim are thinking of Haredim in the U.S., who brand upwardly almost 6% of U.South. Jews, when making this comparison.) Roughly viii-in-ten Haredim (81%) say they take either a lot in common (36%) or some things in common (45%) with Jewish Americans. Past comparing, 69% of Datiim, 64% of Masortim and 67% of Hilonim say they accept at to the lowest degree some things in common with American Jews.

Overall, Israeli Jews who have visited the U.S. are somewhat more probable than those who have never been to America to say they have at to the lowest degree some things in common with American Jews (74% vs. 64%).

The differences in opinion betwixt those who accept visited the U.South. and those who have not are particularly large among Orthodox Jews (Haredim and Datiim). For example, roughly nine-in-ten Haredim who accept visited the United states of america (92%) say they take at least some things in common with U.Southward. Jews, while 76% of Haredim who have never visited the U.S. share this view.

Israeli Jews are largely united by the idea that they share a common destiny with Jews in the United States. Three-quarters of Israeli Jews share this view, including 28% who say U.S. Jews and Israeli Jews share a mutual destiny "to a great extent" and 47% who run into such a common destiny "to some extent." Roughly a quarter say U.S. Jews and Israeli Jews share a common destiny either "not much" (xix%) or "inappreciably at all" (iv%).²⁵

Again, Haredim are more likely than other Israeli Jews to see this shared time to come for American and Israeli Jews. Fully 88% of Haredim in Israel say Jews in Israel and Jews in the U.South. share a common destiny, including 43% who say this destiny is shared "to a nifty extent." Roughly 7-in-10 or more Datiim, Masortim and Hilonim see a mutual destiny between U.S. Jews and Israeli Jews.

Overall, Israeli Jews who have visited the U.S. are about equally likely as those who take not to say they share a common destiny with American Jews.

Majorities across Jewish subgroups come across American Jews' influence in Israel equally positive

A majority of Israeli Jews (59%) think that, overall, U.S. Jews have a good influence on the way things are going in State of israel. Relatively few (6%) say U.S. Jews take a bad influence. Roughly 3-in-ten Israeli Jews (31%) say the influence of American Jews in Israel is neither good nor bad.

There are relatively few differences across Jewish subgroups on this question. At least half of Haredim, Datiim, Masortim and Hilonim say American Jews accept a good influence, while well-nigh one-in-ten or fewer say the influence from U.S. Jews in Israel is negative.

There too are relatively few differences amongst Jewish demographic groups on the question of whether U.S. Jews take a good or bad influence in State of israel. Majorities of younger and older Israeli Jews, Jews with different levels and types of education, men and women, and Ashkenazi and Sephardi/Mizrahi Jews say U.Due south. Jews take a positive influence on Israel'south affairs.

Left-leaning Jews are somewhat more likely than those in the middle or on the right to say U.Southward. Jews accept a bad influence in Israel (18%). Still, more than half of left-leaning Israeli Jews (54%) run across American Jews' influence as positive.

Overall, Jews who have visited or lived in the United States are no more than or less likely than others to say American Jews have a positive influence in State of israel. Haredim who accept visited the United States, however, are considerably more probable than Haredim who have non visited the U.S. to come across the influence of American Jews in State of israel as positive. Among Haredim who have visited the U.S., 71% say U.Southward. Jews accept a good influence in Israel; by comparison, 54% of Haredim who have never visited the U.South. share this view.

Israeli Arabs are considerably more likely than Jews to say American Jews have a bad influence on the manner things are going in Israel. Roughly a third of Arabs (35%) say this, compared with just half-dozen% of Jews. Still, 39% of Israeli Arabs say American Jews have a expert influence over the way things are going in Israel.

Muslims and Christians have similar views on this question, and Muslims are somewhat more than likely than Druze to say American Jews are having a bad influence on the style things are going in Israel.

Muslims across different demographic groups (historic period, gender, teaching) are about every bit likely to evaluate American Jews' overall influence in Israel equally negative.

fultonflemen99.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/03/08/views-of-the-jewish-state-and-the-diaspora/

Share this post